World Bank: 1.8 billion South Asians at risk to extreme heat by 2030

More than 1.8 billion people across South Asia could face life-threatening exposure to extreme heat by 2030, according to a new report from the World Bank. The region, which includes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal, is rapidly becoming one of the world’s most heat-exposed zones due to accelerating climate change.

The report warns that rising temperatures could trigger widespread heat-related illness, especially among vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children and outdoor workers. Extended exposure can lead to heatstroke, dehydration and worsened chronic health conditions.

More than 60% of households and businesses in South Asia have experienced extreme weather in the past five years. Over 75% expect conditions to worsen within the next decade.

Extreme heat is projected to reduce economic productivity in labor-intensive sectors such as agriculture and construction. Workers in these industries face increased physical stress, reduced capacity and higher rates of absenteeism, which may lead to measurable declines in output.

The report outlines significant infrastructure challenges linked to rising temperatures. Increased demand for cooling may overwhelm power grids, while prolonged heat can weaken roads and railways through material expansion. Higher evaporation rates are likely to reduce water availability, compounding stress on public utilities and agricultural irrigation systems.

The World Bank urges South Asian governments to implement immediate adaptation measures to reduce climate risks, including early warning systems for heatwaves, climate-resilient construction and expanded access to public cooling centers.

The report also emphasizes the need for regional coordination on data, infrastructure and resources to manage threats that cross national borders. It concludes that without large-scale adaptation, rising temperatures will continue to threaten public health, economic productivity and essential systems across South Asia.